Diabetic Kidney Disease is when diabetes damages your kidneys over time. Diabetes is the main reason for kidney issues. Around 1 in 3 adults with diabetes develop kidney disease. Kidneys filter waste from your blood, control blood pressure, and produce hormones. If damaged, they can’t filter properly, leading to waste buildup and other health problems. This kidney damage happens slowly and is preventable with proper care. It’s also known as DKD, CKD, kidney disease of diabetes, or diabetic nephropathy.

Resistant hypertension is a condition where blood pressure remains persistently high despite the use of three or more antihypertensive medications, including a diuretic, at optimal doses. This condition often requires a thorough evaluation to identify potential underlying causes such as secondary hypertension or lifestyle factors that may contribute to treatment resistance. Management typically involves a combination of lifestyle modifications, medication adjustments, and sometimes additional therapies to effectively control blood pressure and reduce the risk of associated cardiovascular complications.

Glomerular disease is a condition that can damage your kidneys. The disease attacks tiny filters in your kidneys, called glomeruli, where your blood is cleaned. Damaged glomeruli can allow proteins and sometimes red blood cells to leak into your urine. One of the proteins in your blood is albumin. If too much albumin leaks into your urine, fluid can build up in your body, leading to swelling in your face, hands, feet, or legs. In some cases, glomerular disease can also prevent your kidneys from properly removing waste products, causing wastes to build up in your blood.

Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder that causes your body to pass too much protein in your urine.

Nephrotic syndrome is usually caused by damage to the clusters of small blood vessels in your kidneys that filter waste and excess water from your blood. The condition causes swelling, particularly in your feet and ankles, and increases the risk of other health problems.

Hemodialysis is a medical procedure used to remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are no longer functioning properly. During hemodialysis, blood is circulated outside the body through a machine called a dialyzer, which acts as an artificial kidney. Inside the dialyzer, blood passes through a special filter that removes waste and extra fluid before returning the clean blood back to the body. This process helps maintain proper balance of electrolytes and fluids in the body, which is essential for overall health. Hemodialysis is typically performed several times a week in a dialysis center or at home under medical supervision for individuals with advanced kidney disease.

Peritoneal dialysis is a type of dialysis that uses the lining of your abdomen, called the peritoneum, to filter waste and excess fluids from your blood. During peritoneal dialysis, a cleansing fluid called dialysate is introduced into the abdominal cavity through a catheter. The peritoneum acts as a natural filter, allowing waste products and excess fluids to pass from the blood into the dialysate. After a period of time, the used dialysate is drained out, along with the waste products it has collected. This process can be performed manually (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis) or with the help of a machine (automated peritoneal dialysis). Peritoneal dialysis can be done at home, offering more flexibility for patients compared to hemodialysis, which is typically done in a clinic setting.

A kidney stone is a hard, pebble-like deposit that forms in the kidney from minerals and salts in urine. These stones can vary in size and may cause severe pain as they pass through the urinary tract. Symptoms can include intense pain in the back or side, pain during urination, and blood in the urine. Treatment options depend on the size and location of the stone and may include pain management, increased fluid intake, medications, or procedures to break up or remove the stone.

Common side effects of IVF may include bloating, discomfort, mood swings, and breast tenderness due to fertility medications. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a more severe but less common side effect.